OUTLINE
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Indicators
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Population Growth Rate
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Population growth rate in Pakistan
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Task Force
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National Level Task Force
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Total Fertility
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Labour force and Employment
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Labour Force Statistics
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Formal and Informal Employment
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Informal Employment
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Formal Employment
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Factors Behind Decline in Manpower Export
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Internal Factors
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External Factors
Indicators
Demographic Indicators (2017-18)
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Total population 212.82 Million (Approx.)
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Population growth rate 2.4%
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Total fertility rate 3.6
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Total fertility rate
3.6
Source: NIPS, Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18,
Ministry of Planning, Development and Reform,
Population Growth Rate
The "population growth
rate" is the rate at which the number of individuals in
a population increases in a given time period, expressed as a
fraction of the initial population.
Population growth rate in Pakistan
The
population growth rate at 2.4 percent as depicted by the census 2017 was
alarming.
The
Honorable Supreme Court of Pakistan, taking Family Planning as a human rights
issue, took Suo Moto Notice on 4th July 2018 and constituted a Task Force.
Task Force
The
Task Force, after a series of meetings, framed a set of recommendations aiming
at enhancing contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) to 55 percent, lowering total
fertility rate (TFR) to 2.1 and bringing down population growth rate to 1.5
percent. These recommendations were placed before the Supreme Court Bench and
were thereafter approved with the following key points:
1. Establish national and
provincial task forces for steering, providing oversight and taking critical
decisions to reduce population growth, decrease fertility rate and increase
contraceptive prevalence rate
2. Ensure universal
access to Family Planning /Reproductive Health services.
3. Federal government to
create a five-year non-lapsable special fund for reducing population growth
rate with an annual allocation of Rs10 billion. The fund shall be set up
exclusively from federal resources without any cut from provincial funds
4. Introduce and
implement legislation for population growth control
5. Advocate and
communicate a national narrative of reducing population growth rate and achieve
socio-economic wellbeing for all
6. Introduce curriculum
on health, hygiene and population control in the primary, secondary schools,
college and universities
7. Contraceptive
commodity security
8. Joint declaration of
Ulema made at Population Summit-2015, Islamabad to be widely advocated
The
Council of Common Interest (CCI) approved all the recommendations in principle.
These recommendations would be implemented by the federal and provincial
governments with active support from private sector, civil society
organizations and international development partners.
National Level Task Force
The federal government
formed a taskforce on Population and Family Planning on 4th December 2018. This
taskforce is headed by the Prime Minister and has representation of Chief
Ministers from four provinces. The main purpose of this task force is to devise
Strategy/ Action Plan and its best implementation, to achieve the desired
objectives and targets relating to population.
The provincial governments
have also formed their respective taskforces which are headed by their Chief
Minister along with other stakeholders as their members. The purpose is to have
highest level commitment from the provinces so that a coordinated strategy is
developed to tackle the population issue.
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The Punjab and Sindh Provincial Taskforces were formed on 30th
November 2018.
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the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Provincial Taskforce was formed on 29th
November 2018.
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Baluchistan Taskforce formation is still in process.
Total Fertility
The
term “total fertility rate” is used to describe the total number of children an
average women in a population is likely to have, based on current birth rates
throughout her life.
Pakistan
Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2017-18 the total fertility rate has
dropped from 3.8 percent in 2012-13 to 3.6 percent in 2017-18.
The
total fertility rate is higher in Pakistan as compare to other neighboring
countries
Allocation for Population Welfare Departments (2018-19)
the
Population Welfare Departments of the provinces and the federal government
supports the provinces in allocating significant funding through Public Sector
Development Programs (PSDP). An amount of Rs 510.919 million has been allocated
for Population Welfare Program in Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit – Baltistan, AJK, and Merged Areas.
Service Delivery Centers 2018-19
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Family Welfare Centers (FWCs) is one of the main service
delivery networks established in rural and urban areas to providing the facilities to the people
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Reproductive Health Services-A Centers (RHS-A) are hospital
based units which provide infertility treatment with full range of family
planning methods including contraceptive surgery services. There are 271 RHS-A
centers functioning throughout the country.
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Mobile Service Units (MSU) provides reproductive health services
and family planning services to villages through regular camping services.
There are 303 MSU providing their services.
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Lady Health Workers (LHWs) go door to door for health issues
like dengue, polio, measles, and other vaccinations for many other preventive
health care problems The Family Planning and Primary Health Care (FP &PHC)
program so far has recruited more than 100,000 lady health workers (LHWs)
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Currently, 1678 Male Mobilzers and 600 Community Based Workers
(Female) are promoting the objective of the family welfare programs and
creating awareness among people.
Labour force and Employment
Employment
growth is a challenge for any developing, labour abundant economy. The present
government has taken special initiatives to fulfill its commitment to create 10
million jobs during its tenure.
Kamyab Jawan (SME) program
In order to generate more job opportunities
for the youth, the government has launched a new program – the Kamyab Jawan
program. Under this program, the National Bank of Pakistan, Bank of Punjab and
Bank of Khyber will provide low cost loans to the youth (between 21 – 45 years)
for establishing small businesses enterprises.
Employment Generation under CPEC Program
The
early harvest projects under China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) have
created more than 75,000 direct jobs and 200,000 allied jobs for Pakistanis
while the midterm and long projects under CPEC are poised to create more than
700,000 employment opportunities in the country.
Skill Development Program
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The government has accorded high priority to skill development.
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Pakistan is now a member of the World-Skills which is the
collective voice for skills excellence and development in vocational,
technological and service oriented careers around the globe.
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Special emphasis has been laid on giving pivotal role to
industry and private sector in TVET sector development. Three Sector Skill Councils (SSCs), National
Skill Council (NSC) and The concept of Institute Management Committees (IMCs)
has been introduced for the first time in Pakistan at the TVET institute level.
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A large number of Pakistani youth acquires training through
informal sector; known as the "Ustad-Shagird" system. To enhance
employment prospects for such youth, a system “Recognition of Prior Learning”
(RPL) has been launched as a tool to recognize/certify the skills acquired through
informal/unregulated means.
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Internationally recognized, Competency based training (CBT)
modules have been introduced in the country to replace the traditional mode of
training.
Labour Force Statistics
§ According to Labour
Force Survey, 2017-18, the unemployment rate has decreased to 5.79 percent in
2017-18.
§ Overall crude
participation rate has decreased from 32.27 percent in 2014-15 to 31.70 percent
in 2017-18, showing 0.57 percent decrease.
§ In 2017-18 total
civilian labour force was 65.50 million consisting of 50.74 million males and
14.76 million females.
§ Out of this 61.71
million (94.21 percent) are employed persons and remaining 3.79 million (5.79
percent) are unemployed persons
Women’s Employment
Pakistan had a Gender Inequality Index (GII)
ranking of 133 in the 20171 . It is not an encouraging sign that female
participating in the labour market is also decreasing with the passage of time,
viz, from 15.8 percent in 2014-15 to 14.5 percent in 2017-18. The Labour Force
Survey 2017-18, indicates that women are concentrated in agriculture with a
share of 67 percent¸ in manufacturing 16 percent and in community and personal
services they have a share of 14.6 percent.
In
the case of occupational groups, women are mostly working as skilled
agricultural workers 55 percent, elementary/unskilled workers 18 percent, and
craft and related trade workers 14 percent.
Unemployment by Age
According
to Labour Force Survey 2017-18 the overall unemployment rate was 5.79 percent.
youth unemployment rate is quite high as compared to the average unemployment
rate.
The
unemployment situation in the region is comparatively better than in Pakistan
except Iran. The unemployment statistics shows that Pakistan's unemployment rate
at 5.79 percent is higher than that of India (2.6 percent), Bangladesh (4.3
percent), and Sri-Lanka (4.4 percent).
Formal and Informal Employment
Informal Employment
The informal sector plays an important and controversial role
§ The key sectors of
employment in the informal economy are wholesale & retail trade,
manufacturing, community/social and personal services, construction and
transport.
§ The informal workers
are not regulated by labour laws or protected by the state.
§ The informal economy
provides jobs and help to reduce unemployment but in many cases jobs are low
paid.
§ The employment ratio
in rural informal sector is 76.0 percent which is higher as compared to that in
urban areas (68.3 percent) in 2017-18.
Formal Employment
§ Formal sector did not
show considerable changes with respect to employment level during 2015- 2018
period
§ total employment in
this sector marginally increased from 27.4 percent to 28.0 percent.
Overseas Employment
Migration
has an important role in respect of employment creation and poverty
eradication. Pakistan is one of the largest labour exporting countries of the
region and since 1971 more than 10.61 million Pakistanis have proceeded abroad
for employment.
It
is evident that there is a major decline in manpower export to Saudi Arabia
where only 100910 emigrants proceeded for employment in year 2018 as compared
to 2017, a drop of 42453 emigrants
Manpower export to UAE also decreased in 2018.
Malaysia
emerged as an important destination country for Pakistani workers as in 2018 an
increase of 38 percent manpower export towards Malaysia was observed as
compared to 2017
during
2018, the highest number of workers who went abroad was 185,902 from Punjab,
followed by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 88,361.
Pakistan
has a remarkable human resource which is classified into five occupational
categories i.e highly qualified, highly skilled, skilled, semiskilled and
un-skilled. During 2018, there has been a declining trend in all occupational
groups except in the highly qualified category
Factors Behind Decline in Manpower Export
The major factors behind recent decline in manpower export:
Internal Factors
§ Lack of skills
according to required standards
§ Low productivity of
majority of training institutes
§ Lack of awareness
about foreign job opportunities
§ Shortage of
internationally accredited technical institutes
External Factors
§ Global economic slowdown
§ Euro-zone crisis and Stringent US Immigration Policies
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